Statutory Registers & Records to be maintained by a Company

A company incorporated in India is statutorily required to maintain certain registers and records to comply with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

What are statutory registers?
A Company’s statutory registers contains information regarding specific records of its shareholders, directors, deposits, loan & guaranty, etc. and are kept at the registered office of the company. They also depict the company’s current position.

Why maintaining statutory records & registers is important?
To work effectively and adhere to the statutory requirements, it is necessary to maintain proper records and registers. Maintaining records ensures the smooth and systematic functioning of operations. To avoid huge penalties attracted due to non-maintenance of records, it is always advisable to maintain the registers.

Statutory Registers required to be maintained

• Register of Members: Every company is required to maintain registers, such as the register of members separately for equity & preference shares, register for debenture holders, and other security holders, concerning its members. In the case of companies without share capital, the register must-have details like Name, Address, PAN, CIN, occupation, date of commencement & cessation of membership, etc., of each member. Inspection of the register can be done by a member (no fee) or by a non-member (fee Rs. 50/- per inspection).
• Register of Directors & Key Managerial Person (KMP): Register of Directors & KMPs describing the Details of Directors such as Name, Address, PAN, etc. and their shareholding in the Company itself, and also in its Associate & Subsidiary Companies, etc. must be maintained. The Register can be inspected during Business Hours & members have the right to take extracts on request (without any fee) within 30 days of making the request and it shall be open for inspection in the AGM of the Company.
• Register of Charges: The register contains details of the charges registered with the registrar on assets, property, companies, along with particulars of property that was acquired and which was subject to charges. It must be maintained by a company in Form No. CHG-7. Also, the register must be permanently preserved at the company’s registered office.
• Register of Sweat Equity Shares: Register of Sweat Equity Shares is required to be maintained in format SH-3. These registers shall be kept at the Registered Office of the Company or any place approved by the Board.
• Register of Duplicate Share Certificates: Share certificates issued in exchange for certificates that are consolidated or sub-divided or in replacement of certificates which are mutilated; or in place of certificates which are destroyed or lost, particulars of such shares must be entered in a Register of Renewed and Duplicate Share Certificates. It is required to be maintained in the Form No SH.2 and to be kept at the company’s registered office.
• Register of Securities Bought Back: This includes:
• The details which are required to be included in the register are, Date of passing the special resolution to authorize the buy-back of securities, Date of approval by the board, Quantity & Price of shares or other securities authorized for buyback, Date of opening and closing of the buy-back offer, Date of completion of buy-back.
• The register must be maintained by a company in Form SH 10.
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• Register of Deposits: A company is required to maintain the Register of Deposits containing the details of deposits, interest thereon, tenure, etc. These registers shall be kept at the Registered Office of the Company.
• Register of Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP): A company must maintain the Register of Employee Stock Options in Form no. SH.6. The register must contain particulars of an option granted and it shall be kept at the Registered Office of the Company or any place approved by the Board.
• Register of Loan & Guarantee: The Register of Loan and Guarantee must contain the details of the guarantee given, Security provided, Acquisitions made in Format MBP-2. The members can ask for extract of the register for inspection for free of cost. They are required to be kept at the Registered Office of the Company.

Although there are various registers, other than the above mentioned, required to be maintained as per the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, companies must maintain only those statutory registers which apply to them as per their business and operations.

Other Records to be maintained

• Minutes of the Board Meetings/ General Meeting/Committee Meeting held
• Notice and Agenda of the Board Meeting/Annual General Meeting/Extra-Ordinary General Meeting held
• Proof of sending notice of meetings held and its delivery
• Attendance Register of meetings held
• Special notices, if any, received by the company
• Consent and Resignation Letters received from the KMP/Auditors
• Forms duly filed with the Registrar of Companies
• Documents on which the common seal has been affixed
• Other documents, forms, certificates, etc. under the Companies Act, 2013

We assist our clients in services related to compliances of Companies Act, 2013 provisions, along with providing adequate guidance through a team of highly skilled professionals. If you wish to know about the services offered, kindly contact us.

 

Companies Fresh Start Scheme, 2020

Government of India has been making tremendous efforts in clearing backlogs/disputes/appeals under direct and indirect taxes which has resulted in the launched settlement schemes under Direct Tax (Vivaad Se Vishwas Scheme) & Indirect tax (Sabka Vishwas Scheme). On the similar lines, MCA i.e Ministry has come up with the scheme called Companies Fresh Start Scheme 2020 (also called CFSS -2020) vide its General Circular №12/2020 for one-time application of condonation of delay of filing the various forms, documents and returns.

APPLICABILITY OF THE SCHEME:
This Scheme shall be applicable to any “Defaulting Company”, Defaulting Company here means any company which made a default in filing of any of the documents, statement, returns, etc. including annual statutory documents on the MCA-21 registry on due time and under this scheme is permitted to file all belated documents which were due for filing without any Additional Fees except for two documents and out of which, some permitted documents are as follows:

Annual Forms:

• Annual Return -MGT-7
• Financial Statements — AOC-4

Event-based Forms:

• INC-22A (Active Company Tagging Identities and Verification)
• INC-20A (Declaration for the commencement of business)
• PAS-3 (return of Allotment)
• ADT-1 (Appointment of Auditor)
• MGT-14 (Filing of Resolutions and agreements to the Registrar)
• DIR-12 (Particulars of appointment of Directors and the key managerial personnel and the changes among them)

Two Exceptions which is out of the purview of this Scheme:

• Increase in Authorised Share Capital (SH-7)
• Charger related documents (CHG-1, CHG-4, CHG-8, and CHG-9)

SCHEME VALIDITY:
The Scheme shall come into force on 01st April 2020 and shall remain in form till 30th September 2020.
Read More Blogs: Types of Business Entities in India

BENEFITS OF SCHEME

• One-time opportunity to enable defaulting companies to complete their pending compliances regarding: annual filings forms, other returns, documents and statements without paying any additional fees.
• Immunity Certificate to save from launching of prosecution or proceedings for imposing a penalty on account of delay associated with such filings.

PROCEDURE TO AVAIL BENEFITS AND IMMUNITY IN RESPECT OF DOCUMENT(S) FILED UNDER THE SCHEME:
STEP 1. File all pending forms, documents, returns, statements, etc. as mentioned above with the MCA-21 registry during the currency of the Scheme without paying any additional fees.
STEP 2. File Form CFSS-2020 for seeking immunity in respect of belated documents filed under the scheme, after the closure of scheme and after the documents are taken on file or on record or approved by the designated authority as the case may be but not after the expiry of six months from the date of closure of the scheme.
STEP 3. An immunity certificate in respect of documents filed under this scheme shall be issued by the designated authority.

SCHEME FOR INACTIVE COMPANIES
The defaulting inactive companies, while filing due documents under CFSS-2020 can, simultaneously, either:
(a) Apply to get themselves declared as Dormant Company under section 455 of the Companies Act, 2013 by filing e-form MSC-1 at a normal fee on the said form; or
(b) Apply for striking off the name of the company by filing e-form STK-2 by paying the fee payable on form STK-2.

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Source: http://www.newcompanyregistrationindia.com/blog/companies-fresh-start-scheme-2020/

Differences Between GST And VAT

 

The introduction of the products and Services Tax was one among the foremost significant and most fundamental changes within the Indian taxation system since Independence. Further, it brought an outsized sort of taxes under one umbrella and helped simplify the method of taxation. The GST effectively replaced the older versions of the Central and State taxes, that included the VAT, Excise and repair Tax. Since coming into effect in July 2017, the GST has revolutionised the Indian taxation system. Similarly, here’s a glance at the difference between GST and VAT, the advantages of GST, and the way the GST has transformed the method of taxation.

What’s Value Added Tax or VAT?
Value Added Tax, better referred to as VAT, is an tax that came into effect in April 2005. As an idea , the VAT replaced the sooner system of taxation referred to as nuisance tax . VAT came into practice during a bid to integrate and make one market within India for products and services. From June 2014, VAT became a norm within all states and union territories within the country, barring the Andaman and Lakshadweep islands. VAT applicability depends on the character of the merchandise , as since it’s a State tax, the laws regarding VAT applicability believe the State laws.

Disadvantages useful Added Tax
Leads to the cascading effect of tax
End-consumer finishes up paying more for the merchandise or service
Suppliers couldn’t claim an Input decrease for services under VAT
Hard to implement and compute thanks to differences in VAT rates within different states in India
Difficult to standardise as different states had different VAT laws

Goods and Services Tax
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) has consolidated a plethora of indirect taxes levied by the Centre and states into a common tax. It eradicated multiplicity of taxes thereby reducing the complexity and removing the cascading effect of taxes. Present taxes levied on the sale of goods or services by either Central or State Government are embraced under the GST regime.
Goods and Services Tax came into effect on July 1, 2017. Businesses are required to file monthly, quarterly and annual returns and those with turnover exceeding INR 2 crore will also have to file audit reports.

Impact of GST
The disadvantages brought on by VAT applicability led to the formation and inception of the products and Services Tax. The GST may be a comprehensive, extensive and easy taxation system that unifies the state . Moreover, GST is additionally a destination-based concept of taxation that eliminates the cascading effect, resulting in better prices for consumers and suppliers. Additionally, the GST had a huge impact on the Indian economy because it removed several of the disadvantages and limitations brought on by VAT applicability.

Benefits of GST
Eliminates the cascading effect of taxation
Further, simple and easy process
Easier accessibility because the entire process is online
Lesser compliance norms and procedures
Additionally, the defined and clear treatment of e-commerce companies
Unified laws throughout the country
Easier to implement, monitor, and check for compliance

GST and Cascading Effect
One of the most important benefits of GST is that it removed the concept of cascading taxes. The cascading effect of taxation is that the process by which a tax is levied on top of another tax levied on a product or service. thanks to taxation at every step of the sale, certain times, products get taxed on their taxed values, resulting in consumers and suppliers having to pay quite what’s truly required. In such cases, tax is processed on a worth that has tax paid by the previous consumer, resulting in double taxation. Hence, the top consumer has got to pay tax on paid tax, called the cascading effect. However, since the inception of the products and Services Tax, such effects are eliminated.

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Mistakes that a start-up should avoid

 

A booming out-pour of Startups in India is the recent trendsetter. Recently, we have witnessed many low and high profile Start-Ups landing up in the Court of law fighting legal battles and sabotaging their reputation publicly. In order to avoid such mistakes, here are “quick tips” that a Start-Up must do to avoid such ugly legal battles.

TO HAVE A STRONG LEGALLY BINDING AGREEMENT:
One of the major concerns that a Startup should look into is the Founders’ Agreement. One should in a way think of the Founders’ Agreement as a form of “pre-nuptial agreement”. It should be clear, comprehensive, unambiguous agreement between the Founders of the Start-Up in order to cut down the chances of litigation.

TO ABIDE WITH COMPLIANCES:
A successful Start-Up should have a good, vigilant and knowledgeable team of Advocates, Company Secretaries and Chartered Accountants in order to comply with all the Legal and Government compliances, to avoid litigation by the Government, Income Tax, ED, EOW, etc.

TO HAVE A ROBUST CUSTOMER REDRESSAL SYSTEM:
Treat your Consumers/customers with utmost importance and care by providing them good services/products. This would decrease the chances of the consumer/customer to approach the Consumer Forum for redressal.

TO MAKE TIMELY PAYMENTS TO VENDORS:
One should make sure you pay your vendors on time failing which the vendor would opt and approach the Court of Law for recovery of debts.

TO HAVE SECURE IP (Intellectual Property) POLICY:
All the Intellectual Property like Copyright, Trade Mark, Designs, Patents should be registered and should be specifically registered in the name of the Company/Founders and not on the name of the employee.

LACK OF EMPLOYEE DOCUMENTATION:
Make sure that the documentation with the employees are done properly. Business Start-Ups often encounter problems when they do not maintain adequate employment documentation. Consequently, Start-Ups should prepare a core group of employment documents to be signed by most, if not all, employees such as Employees Handbook, Offer letter, Confidential Information, Non — Disclosure Agreement etc.

NOT HAVING A GOOD TERMS OF USE AGREEMENT AND PRIVACY POLICY FOR YOUR WEBSITE/MOBILE APP:
A Terms of Use Agreement sets forth the terms and conditions for people using your Website/Mobile App. Your Privacy Policy is a legal statement on your website/mobile app. setting forth what you will do with the personal data collected from users and customers/consumers of the site/mobile app., and how such data may be used, sold, or released to third parties.

NOT HAVING THE RIGHT LEGAL COUNSEL:
In a misguided effort to save on expenses, Start-up businesses often hire inexperienced legal counsel. Rather than spending the money to hire competent legal counsel, founders often hire lawyers who are friends, relatives or others who offer steep fee discounts. In doing so, the founders deny themselves the advice of experienced legal counsel who can help the founders in avoiding many legal problems

Source: Mistakes that a start-up should avoid

Employee Stock Option Plan

WHAT IS ESOP?
Employee Stock option Plan (ESOP) are often defined as Employee Benefit Plan, designed for the long-term benefits of the workers of the Organization by providing them with an choice to participate within the equity ownership of the Organization by paying minimal amount of consideration.

WHY ESOP?
Employees are the core strength of the Business. Retaining an honest employee is as important as hiring one. ESOP is taken into account together of the foremost comprehensive and attractive tools for employee reward and retention. Through the method of ESOP, the workers are given a stake within the ownership of the corporate , which ends up in boosting employee morale and loyalty towards the organization.

MODE OF ISSUANCE OF ESOP:
As per Companies Act 2013, there are two modes of issuing ESOPS: Direct Route and Trust Route:

Direct Route: just in case of direct route, the corporate grants the choices to the workers directly. At the time of exercise, fresh equity issuance is allotted to the eligible employees that make them the shareholders of the corporate .

Procedure under Direct Route:

• Prepare an ESOP Scheme.
• Approval of the Scheme by the Remuneration Committee, if any
• Convene a committee meeting to approve the scheme.
• Convene the shareholders‟ meeting for approving the scheme. The notice to the shareholders meeting shall give out details with reference to the scheme.
• Grant the Letter of Offer to the Eligible Employees for issue of Options.Trust Route: The Trust Route is essentially preferred by listed entities. within the trust route structures, the corporate creates a trust specifically for the aim of running the ESOP schemes. Where the workers plan to exercise the choice to accumulate the shares, the trust would first acquire the shares from the corporate or Secondary market and therefore the transfer the shares within the name of the workers .
• These employee welfare trusts are funded by the corporate to accumulate the shares within the secondary market to be transferred to the workers upon exercise of the choices . When the workers leave the corporate , the workers have the choice of selling back the shares to the trust or within the secondary market.
• The Companies Act, 2013 facilitates the corporate to form provisions of cash involving purchase or subscription of its own shares for the aim of issuing Employee Stock Options, subject to certain regulatory conditions, such as:
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• The scheme of provision of cash shall be separately gone by special resolution during a general meeting
• In case of listed Company, the Trust shall purchase the shares from the secondary market.
• In case of unlisted Company, valuation of the shares purchased by the trust shall be done by an Independent Registered valuer.
• The total value of shares within the trust shall not exceed 5%. of the mixture of paid up capital and free reserves of the corporate .Procedure under Trust Route:
• Prepare and Approve an ESOP Scheme. Grant Letter of Offer to Eligible Employees.
• Prepare a deed of trust under the Indian Trusts Act and Register an equivalent with the jurisdictional Sub-Registrar.
• Obtain PAN for the Trust and Open checking account
• Determine the worth of the shares required to be allotted to the Trust for subsequent transfer to the workers .
• Obtain Valuation Report from a Registered Valuer for the worth of the Shares.
• Provide Loan from the corporate to the Trust to enable purchase of the specified number of Shares at the pre-determined price.
• Allotment of Shares to the Trust
• Transfer/Sale to Shares from the Trust to the eligible employees respectively at the Exercise Price as determined in accordance with the ESOP Scheme
• On receipt of Exercise Price, repayment of Loan from the Trust to the corporate

To know more, Visit: https://www.newcompanyregistrationindia.com/blog/employee-stock-option-plan/

Top Businesses In India

Over the last decade, many strong economic reforms are implemented by the govt of India. The introduction of GST and investor-friendly laws helped many industries to extend profit and for several to sustain. These favorable conditions are making India stand firmly during these critical financial conditions worldwide. Following are the ten leading industries in India, that are supporting our economy extensively:

Textile Industry
The Indian textile industry is one among the oldest industries that’s supporting the Indian economy. It can produce a good range of products for each segment in India and abroad. Scope of the industry composites of the generation of staple like silk, wool, and jute to process them to finished apparel. Moreover, the textile industry features a contribution of twenty-two in GDP and is playing a serious role by having a 15% share of the export earnings of India in 2018–19. Additionally, it provides job opportunities to around 4.5 million people across the country. The industry is currently estimated at US$250 billion.

Further, leading textile companies in India are Bombay Dyeing and Manufacturing Company Ltd., Fabindia Overseas Private Ltd, Grasim Industries Ltd, Vardhman Ltd, Raymond Ltd. Among promising start-ups in Industry, PostFold Ltd and IntelloCut are making commendable progress.

Pharmaceutical Industry:
India is that the favorite country in providing Generic Drugs globally. It supplies around 50% of vaccines worldwide. Additionally, it values US$ 55 billion. Further, it recorded a 9.7 to extend in export earnings of India whereas it’s a 2% share in GDP.

Leading pharmaceutical companies in India are Piramal Enterprises, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Wockhardt Ltd.

IT and Services:
Indian IT industry has its conveyance centers in many countries across the world . The IT sector in India has two components, information technology services, and BPO. Additionally, it’s increased its share in India’s GDP from 1.2% to 7.7% (as per fiscal year report of 2017–18). the price of the Indian ITeS industry is US$177 billion. 4.1 million people are employed in ITeS.

Top ITeS companies in India are TCS, Wipro, HCL, Tech Mahindra, Oracle Financial Services, Mphasis, etc. TCS may be a leading ITeS company with a market price of around US$100 billion.

Automobile Industry:
India is that the fourth largest company considering the car market recording sales of 26.27 million units in FY19. The Two-wheeler industry is more dominant than other segments of automobiles. India grabs 7th position in manufacturing automobiles. Increased specialise in the agricultural market is that the reason behind the expansion of the car industry. It contributes a 7% share within the GDP of India. the dimensions of the Indian industry is 2.6 million units. internet output from the industry is US$ 300 million.

Ashok Leyland, Bajaj Auto Ltd, Eicher Motors Ltd, Force Motors Ltd, Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd, Hero MotoCorp Ltd, Tata Motors Ltd are the large names within the Indian automobile sector. Maruti Suzuki is that the biggest automobile manufacturer in India. It holds 53% of the market share.

Chemical & Petrochemical Industry:
The Indian chemical and petrochemical industry values US$ 118 billion. It shows the expansion rate of a CAGR of 8% for subsequent five years. it’s contributed a 9% share of total Indian export earnings. This sector holds a 15% share within the manufacturing GDP (during 2012–13). Bulk chemicals are the most important sub-segment of the Indian industry holding 40% market share whereas specialty chemicals with approximately 19% market share. Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh hold quite 50% of Gross Value Add (GVA) and Gross Output of the chemical and petrochemical industry.

Pidilite Industries Ltd, Tata Chemicals Ltd, UPL Ltd, Gujarat Fluoro Chemicals Ltd, Reliance Industries Ltd, Indian Oil Corporation, Manali Petrochemical Ltd, etc are the leading companies in Indian chemical and Petrochemical Industry. Reliance Industries rules the petrochemical market in India and abroad.

Engineering Industry:
Increased investments in infrastructure, industrial manufacturing, durables , automobile industries have also boomed the Engineering industry. This industry has strategic importance to India’s economy. Export of transport equipment, construction equipment, machinery, light engineering equipment has helped the Indian economy to realize growth. It holds a 60% share of total export. During FY 18–19, India exported US$81.02 billion engineering equipment. It showed a growth of 6.32%. Construction equipment shows the expansion of 18% in FY19 whereas electrical equipment recorded the very best growth of 12.8% during an equivalent period.

L&T Ltd, Tata Group, Reliance Industries, Godrej are the leading Indian engineering companies. L&T is that the principal ruling construction and engineering of India.

Financial Services:
Rising income has expanded the expansion of monetary Services in India. Commercial banks, insurance companies, NBFCs, etc come under Financial services. This industry has grown to US$376.73 billion by Oct 19. IPO showed rapid climb of US$2.10 billion in FY19.

Bajaj Finance Ltd, GIC Housing Finance Ltd, HDFC Ltd are the simplest financial service providers in India.

FMCG
FMCG is that the fourth prime sector within the Indian economy. It showed a growth of 16.5% in value terms. It grew 9–10% during FY19. the world is predicted to succeed in US$103.7 billion by FY20.

Godrej, Parle Agro Ltd, ITC Ltd, Marico Ltd, Amul are the leading FMCG companies in India.

Dabur India is India’s largest FMCG Company with revenues of over US$ 1.22 billion in FY19.

Education & Training Industry:
As India has the most important population aged group 5–24, apparently there are more opportunities for the education sector. Moreover, it had been worth US$101.1 billion in FY19. India has 39,050 colleges and 903 universities. Further, the Gross Enrolment Ratio for education was 25.8% in FY17–18. Moreover, the world is estimated to succeed in US$1.96 billion by 2021 with approximately 9.5 million users.

Some of the leading Indian companies within the sector are BYJU’s, Dexler Education, Educomp Solutions, IGNOU, NIIT, etc.

Tea Industry:
The tea industry plays an important role within the Indian economy. Moreover, the bulk of the tea comes from Assam and West Bengal . Additionally, India has maintained its leadership during this industry with a turnover of roughly Rs 10,000 crores. Further, India has increased tea production by 250% and land utilization for an equivalent by 40%. It contributes a 9.33% share in export earnings.

Therefore, Tata Tea, Bombay Burmah, Roselle India, Goodrick’s groups are the highest Indian companies who are tea manufacturers and exporters. Hence, Tata Tea is that the largest manufacturer and exporter of tea in India.

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Conversion of a Private Company into Limited Liability Partnership

Limited Liability Partnerships (LLP) are emerging ever since the introduction of the Companies Act, 2013 as it is a form of business entity, which allows individual partners to be free from the concept of joint liability of partners in a partnership firm. LLP offers nearly all the benefits of a private limited company, with none of the downsides of a partnership firm. It offers limited liability, offers tax advantages, can accommodate an unlimited number of partners, and is credible in that it is registered with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). At the same time, it has fewer compliances than a private limited company and is also significantly cheaper to start and maintain.

As a new business, you won’t have money to throw around. While legal should not be ignored (documentation, in particular, is an area that start-ups ignore). Forming a LLP is more advantageous form of organization over a company from compliances, tax and operational flexibility stand point. Therefore LLP may be more suitable for small entrepreneur and professionals particularly. The conversion from the existing corporate structure can be made to a LLP while retaining the advantages of Limited Liability and less compliances. So if you are startup or an entrepreneur, an LLP is much cheaper and viable to start and run.

Section 56 of the Limited liability Act, 2008 deals with the conversion from a private company into a limited liability partnership (or abbreviated as LLP). A private may be converted into an LLP in compliance with the provisions mentioned under Chapter X and the third schedule.

Eligibility for the conversion of private companies into LLP

 
There are certain conditions that must be fulfilled to be eligible for converting the private company into LLP (in accordance with the third schedule). These Conditions are as follows:

1. There should be no security interest in its assets subsisting or in force at the time of making an application for such conversion; and
2. The partners of the LLP to which it would convert should comprise all the company’s shareholders and no other individual.

Once, both the aforementioned eligibility conditions have been successfully met, it is very much clear and understood that the company, its shareholders, the LLP into which the company has converted and the partners of that LLP shall have to strictly comply with the provisions of the Schedule that will apply to them.

Statements to be filed
There are certain statements that are generally filled for converting a company into LLP. The statements in this regard must be filled with the registrar of the company (or abbreviated as ROC). A statement should be provided to the registrar from all shareholders in such form and manner as prescribed in the schedule and this should be accompanied by the fees as defined by the central government for such purpose. This statement should include the name and registration number of the company, and the date on which the company was incorporated. Along with this, an incorporation document and statement as specified in section 11 should also be furnished.

Registration of conversion
Once all the required documents are submitted to the registrar, he shall register the documents and issue a certificate of registration considering the provisions of the act and rules mentioned therein. He would issue the registration certificate in such form as he may determine to specify that the LLP is, on and from the date mentioned in the registration certificate stands registered under the LLP Act.

The registered LLP now shall inform the concerned ROC about such conversion within 15 days from the registration date. Further, the particulars of such registered LLP shall also be furnished in such form and manner as prescribed by the central government.

Registrar may refuse to register
If the Registrar does not find particulars or other information furnished in the application as appropriate or complete, he may wish to refuse to register such conversion. In that case, an appeal shall be made before the National Company Law Tribunal (or abbreviated as NCLT) in this regard by the Registrar.

Effect of registration
On and from the registration date specified in the registration certificate issued under paragraph 4–

1. there shall be an LLP by the name mentioned in the registration certificate registered under the LLP Act;
2. all tangible (movable as well immovable) and intangible property related to the company, all assets, interests, rights, privileges, liabilities, onuses concerning to the company and the whole of the company’s undertaking would be transferred to and conferred to the LLP without much further assurance, act or deed; and
3. The company shall now be considered dissolved and will be removed from the ROC records.

Registration concerning property
If any property to which clause (b) of paragraph 6 applies is registered with any authority, the LLP, in that case, shall, as soon as operational, after the registration date, carry out all the required actions as made obligatory by the relevant authority for notifying the authority of such conversion and the particulars of the LLP in such form and manner as the authority may recommend.

Pending proceedings
All the legal proceedings by or against the company which is still pending before any Court, Tribunal or other authority as on the registration date will be executed, concluded and considered enforceable by or against the newly registered LLP.

Continuance of conviction, ruling, order or judgment
Any conviction, ruling, order or judgment of any jurisdiction (involving any Court, Tribunal or other authority) in favor of or against the company will also be considered enforceable by or against the LLP.

Existing agreements
All the agreements to which the company was considered as a party immediately prior to the registration date, whether or not of such nature that the rights and liabilities thereunder could be assigned, shall have effect as from that date as if–

1. the LLP was now considered as a party to such an agreement in place of the company; and
2. For any reference to the company, there were substituted with reference to anything to be done on or post-registration date will now be a reference to the LLP.

Existing contracts
All the existing contracts mainly involving deeds, contracts, bonds, agreements, instruments and arrangements subsisting immediately prior to the registration date concerning to the company or to which the company was being considered as a party will now continue to exist on and after that date as if they were in connection with the LLP and will also be considered enforceable by or against the LLP as if the LLP were named therein or were a party thereto in place of the company.

Continuance of employment
Every employment contract to which paragraph 10 or paragraph 11 is applicable will continue to exist on or after the registration date as if the LLP were the employer thereunder in place of the company.

Existing appointment, authority or power

1. All the appointments that were made by the company in any role or capacity which was subsisting immediately prior to the registration date will have an effect and operate from that date as if the LLP were appointed that time in place of the company.
2. Any authority or supremacy conferred on the company which is subsisting immediately prior to the registration date will have an effect and operate from that date as if it was conferred on the LLP in place of the company.

Application of paragraphs 6 to 13
The provisions as specified under paragraphs 6 to 13 (both inclusive) will be applicable to any approval, certification or permit issued to the company under any other Act which is subsisting immediately prior to the registration date of the LLP, conditional on the provisions of such other Act under which such approval, certification or permit is being issued.

Notice of conversion in correspondence

1. The LLP must make certain that for a time-span of twelve months commencing not later than 14 days after the specified registration date, every official communication of the LLP bears the following:

• a statement specifying the fact that it was, as from the mentioned registration date, converted from a company into an LLP; and
• The name as well as the registration number of the company from which it was converted.

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2. Any LLP which is in contravention of the provisions of subparagraph (1) shall be liable to punishment and will carry a fine which would not be less than INR 10, 000 but which may extend to INR 100,000 and with a further fine which shall not be less than INR 50,000 but which may extend to INR 500 for every day after the first day after which the default continues.

We provide end-to-end incorporation, compliance, advisory and management consultancy services to our clients in India and abroad. For further details about LLP registration or conversion from Private Ltd to LLP, click here.